In diabetes, free radicals are formed as a result of glucose oxidation, protein glycation, and subsequent protein degradation. High levels of free radicals, combined with a reduction in antioxidant enzymes, cause cell damage, enzyme inactivation, and lipid peroxidation.

Vitamin C and Vitamin E are important antioxidants that are essential for protection against the damage caused by free radicals.

Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with both extracellular and intracellular magnesium (Mg) deficits. Low dietary magnesium intake may be related to the type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

Magnesium level has been shown to be inversely related to insulin sensitivity. Magnesium supplementation may improve insulin sensitivity as well as insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Zinc appears to have insulin-like effects. Zinc deficiency is linked to poor glycaemic control and some diabetes complications. Zinc aids in the proper functioning of lipid and glucose metabolism, and zinc supplementation has been shown in numerous studies to improve glucose levels. Healthy zinc levels are likely to play an important role in insulin release and action to maintain glucose homeostasis and lower diabetes risk.

A higher manganese intake was directly associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. According to research, manganese treatment can improve glucose tolerance by increasing insulin secretion.

Chromium supplements may help people with diabetes lower blood sugar levels. Chromium supplements may help diabetics lower their blood sugar levels. According to some studies, chromium supplementation improves glucose metabolism. With age, chromium levels decrease. Chromium is known to enhance the action of insulin, a hormone related to processes required for storing and metabolizing carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Banaba has been used as a traditional medicine to manage diabetes in various parts of the world. Constituents of Banaba are known to decrease blood sugar levels. Banaba may also be linked to remission of Metabolic syndrome and a decrease in fasting plasma glucose FPG, effect on insulin, and total insulin secretion.

Guggul is known to have a beneficial role in diabetes. It is also known to have possessed anti-inflammatory (Francis et al., 2004), antispasmodic, carminative, antiseptic, sedative, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, aperient, thyroid stimulant, demulcent, aphrodisiac, hypolipidemic, and properties.

A study published in n the Journal of Ethnopharmacology showed that a 2,000 mg daily dose of bitter melon significantly reduced blood glucose levels among patients with type 2 diabetes.